Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function
06:47

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function

Published on: November 8, 2024

1.8K

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Responses to Clopidogrel: Evidences and Perspectives

Yan-Jiao Zhang1,2, Mu-Peng Li3,4, Jie Tang5,6

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China. zhangyj287112687@163.com.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|March 25, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Clopidogrel therapy can be less effective due to genetic and non-genetic factors, impacting platelet inhibition. Understanding these factors is key to improving treatment for atherothrombotic events.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Clopidogrel is crucial in managing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), reducing atherothrombotic events.
  • Despite its efficacy, recurrent events persist, often linked to suboptimal platelet inhibition from standard clopidogrel treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on factors influencing clopidogrel's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses.
  • To highlight the need for identifying variability in clopidogrel response to optimize antiplatelet therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on clopidogrel response.
  • Analysis of genetic and non-genetic factors affecting clopidogrel efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolism and P2Y12 receptor impact clopidogrel's antiplatelet activity.
  • Epigenetic modifications, demographics, disease complications, and drug interactions also influence clopidogrel response.

Conclusions:

  • Variability in clopidogrel response is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and non-genetic factors.
  • Identifying these factors is essential for enhancing platelet inhibition and reducing cardiovascular event recurrence.

Keywords:
clopidogrelepigeneticsgenetic polymorphismsnon-genetic factorspharmacogenomics

More Related Videos

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood11:17

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Published on: October 12, 2012

14.4K
Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System12:40

Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System

Published on: December 7, 2012

29.6K

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
71
Pharmacodynamic Responses: Different Types01:03

Pharmacodynamic Responses: Different Types

Pharmacodynamics is the scientific study of a drug's biochemical or physiological influence on the body. It categorizes responses into continuous, discrete (or categorical), and time-to-event outcomes. Continuous responses yield numerical values within a certain range, such as blood pressure readings and blood glucose levels, gauging the efficacy of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs. Discrete responses can be binary, indicating whether a drug has an effect or not, or ordinal, exemplifying...
83
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems01:24

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...
49
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Duration of Dose-Effect Relationship01:14

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Duration of Dose-Effect Relationship

For drugs producing a quantal response, onset occurs when plasma concentration reaches a minimum effective level (Cmin). The drug's action duration depends on how long the plasma concentration remains above Cmin.Two primary factors influence this duration: dose size and the rate of drug removal from the action site. Both depend on the drug's redistribution to poorly perfused tissues and elimination processes. A larger dose promotes rapid onset and prolongs the effect's duration.Consider a...
71
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Model Components01:14

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Model Components

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) modeling is essential in drug development and clinical pharmacology. It provides a quantitative framework to predict drug behavior and response over time. This approach integrates pharmacokinetics (PK), which describes the drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, with pharmacodynamics (PD), which characterizes the drug’s biological effects and mechanisms of action.The disposition kinetics of a drug determine its plasma...
80
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Exposure, Response and Effect01:26

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Exposure, Response and Effect

The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationship describes the intricate link between drug exposure, efficacy, and toxicity, forming the foundation for optimal dosing regimens. This relationship uses mathematical modeling to characterize drug concentration-effect dynamics, ensuring precise therapeutic outcomes.Exposure represents the pharmacokinetic aspect of the PK-PD relationship, denoting the drug amount that elicits a biological response. It is typically quantified by administered...
103