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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
342
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

303
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
303
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

398
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
398
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

503
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
503
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

14.9K
Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

555
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

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Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs.

Kristen Nichols, Sylvia Stoffella, Rachel Meyers

    The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT : the Official Journal of PPAG
    |March 25, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs are crucial for combating rising multidrug-resistant infections in children. The Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG) advocates for their implementation, inclusion of specialists, and legislative support.

    Keywords:
    antimicrobial resistanceantimicrobial stewardshipinfection managementinfection prevention stewardshippharmacy educationresidents

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Antimicrobial Resistance

    Background:

    • Frequent antimicrobial use in children has accelerated multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
    • Pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are vital due to unique patient needs and risks.
    • Children face increased vulnerability to resistance and adverse events from antibiotic exposure.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group's (PPAG) position statement on pediatric antimicrobial stewardship.
    • To advocate for the implementation and comprehensive support of pediatric ASPs.
    • To recommend specific legislative and policy actions to enhance antibiotic stewardship in children.

    Main Methods:

    • This paper is a position statement from the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG).
    • It outlines PPAG's stance on the necessity and components of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship.
    • Recommendations are based on the unique aspects of pediatric antimicrobial use and resistance.

    Main Results:

    • PPAG strongly supports the implementation of ASPs for all pediatric patients.
    • PPAG emphasizes the need for pediatric pharmacy specialists within these programs.
    • PPAG calls for insurance coverage and legislative action to support pediatric stewardship.

    Conclusions:

    • Pediatric-focused antimicrobial stewardship is essential to combat resistance and improve patient safety.
    • Integration of pediatric pharmacy specialists and supportive policies are critical for effective ASPs.
    • PPAG advocates for legislative mandates and dedicated federal task forces to address pediatric antibiotic resistance.