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Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
Published on: August 5, 2013
Photon Statistics of Propagating Thermal Microwaves
J Goetz1,2, S Pogorzalek1,2, F Deppe1,2,3
1Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748 Garching, Germany.
Abstract:
In experiments with superconducting quantum circuits, characterizing the photon statistics of propagating microwave fields is a fundamental task. We quantify the n^{2}+n photon number variance of thermal microwave photons emitted from a blackbody radiator for mean photon numbers, 0.05≲n≲1.5. We probe the fields using either correlation measurements or a transmon qubit coupled to a microwave resonator. Our experiments provide a precise quantitative characterization of weak microwave states and information on the noise emitted by a Josephson parametric amplifier.
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