Ionizing radiation biomarkers in epidemiological studies - An update

Area of Science:

• Radiation biology
• Epidemiology
• Biomarker research

Background:

• Epidemiological studies link low dose/low dose rate ionizing radiation (IR) to increased cancer risks in nuclear workers and pediatric patients.
• Classical studies lack power for extremely low IR doses, necessitating advanced methods to identify at-risk individuals.
• Integrating biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility is crucial for advancing low dose IR research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated review of biomarkers for low dose ionizing radiation (IR) epidemiological studies, incorporating recent technical advances and mechanistic understanding.
• To identify promising biomarkers for further development and implementation in epidemiological research.
• To establish a roadmap for biomarker development from discovery to application.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent technical advances and studies on biomarkers for low dose IR exposure.
• Assessment of the current status of proposed biomarkers for epidemiological studies.
• Development of a roadmap for biomarker progression from discovery to implementation.

Main Results:

• Most potential biomarkers for low dose IR exposure remain in the discovery phase.
• Some biomarkers lack sufficient evidence for further development.
• Radiation-specific mRNA transcript profiles are identified as a priority biomarker in late-stage development.

Conclusions:

• Further progress in low dose ionizing radiation (IR) research hinges on the effective integration of validated biomarkers.
• Radiation-specific mRNA profiles represent a promising tool for future epidemiological studies on IR effects.
• A strategic roadmap is essential for advancing biomarker development and application in this field.