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Marine enzymes offer diverse applications in biorefineries, food, and pharmaceuticals. This review focuses on enzymatic processes, highlighting their potential in biomass utilization, food manipulation, molecule extraction, and bioremediation.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biotechnology
  • Biocatalysis
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Marine environments are rich sources of novel enzymes with unique properties.
  • Previous reviews focused on habitat-related enzyme characteristics.
  • Recent literature includes marine oxidoreductases, hydrolases, transferases, isomerases, ligases, and lyases for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adopt a new approach focusing on enzymatic processes rather than single activities.
  • To refine the analysis of marine biocatalysts for industrial applications.
  • To identify key application areas for marine enzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search focused on enzymatic processes and their applications.
  • Analysis centered on the functional aspects of marine enzymes.
  • Categorization of applications into distinct industrial sectors.

Main Results:

  • Identified four key application fields: biorefinery value-chain (biomass, aquaculture), food industry (enzymatic procedures), extraction/modification of complex marine molecules, and marine biomarkers/bioremediation.
  • Highlighted the significance of enzymatic treatments for efficiency and selectivity in marine molecule processing.
  • Emphasized the role of marine enzymes in pollution monitoring and bioremediation.

Conclusions:

  • Marine enzymes represent a valuable resource for diverse industrial applications.
  • A process-centered approach provides a refined understanding of marine biocatalyst potential.
  • Further research into marine enzymatic processes can drive innovation in biotechnology and environmental science.