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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Microbiology
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Growing evidence links the gut microbiome to brain function and behavior.
    • Bidirectional communication exists between the gut microbiota and the brain.
    • Dysbiosis is observed in conditions like depression, stress, and autism.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of the gut microbiome-brain-behavior axis.
    • To highlight the translational gap between preclinical and clinical findings.
    • To assess the therapeutic potential of targeting the gut microbiota.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of preclinical and clinical studies on gut microbiome, brain, and behavior.
    • Analysis of associations between microbial composition/function and behavioral/clinical features.
    • Evaluation of evidence for causality and therapeutic interventions.

    Main Results:

    • Preclinical studies support the microbiome's role in pain, emotion, social interaction, and feeding behaviors.
    • Clinical evidence is limited but growing, showing associations with behavioral and brain parameters.
    • Microbial transfer therapy shows tentative promise in autism treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • The gut microbiome is a potential therapeutic target for neurological and behavioral disorders.
    • More clinical research is crucial to validate preclinical findings and understand causal relationships.
    • The translational potential of microbiome-based interventions requires further investigation.