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The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in obesity development. Modulating gut bacteria composition offers a novel therapeutic target to prevent and manage obesity and related metabolic diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Obesity is a global nutritional disorder requiring multifaceted interventions.
  • Neonatal adiposity and high birth weight can lead to childhood obesity and adult comorbidities.
  • The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a key factor in metabolic regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of gut microbiota in the development of obesity.
  • To identify the gut microecology as a potential therapeutic target for obesity interventions.
  • To explore how early-life feeding and environmental factors influence gut microbiota composition and obesity risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent experimental and clinical data on gut microbiota and obesity.
  • Analysis of the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis, immune, and metabolic disturbances.
  • Examination of the impact of gut barrier function on low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant gut microbiota (dysbiosis) contributes to immune and metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance.
  • Gut microecology influences nutrient processing, energy storage, and the secretion of hormonal and inflammatory mediators.
  • Specific microbial patterns, such as lower bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing bacteria, are linked to increased obesity and metabolic disease risk.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota is a critical mediator between energy intake, expenditure, and body composition.
  • Early-life environmental factors, including feeding practices, cesarean delivery, and antibiotic exposure, significantly impact gut microbiota development and obesity risk.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota represents a promising strategy for preventing and managing obesity and associated metabolic disorders.