Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 5, 2026
Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
Published on: June 11, 2012
Association Between a Virtual Glucose Management Service and Glycemic Control in Hospitalized Adult Patients: An
Robert J Rushakoff1, Mary M Sullivan1, Heidemarie Windham MacMaster1
1From University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Background:
Inpatient hyperglycemia is common and is linked to adverse patient outcomes. New methods to improve glycemic control are needed.
Objective:
To determine whether a virtual glucose management service (vGMS) is associated with improved inpatient glycemic control.
Design:
Cross-sectional analyses of three 12-month periods (pre-vGMS, transition, and vGMS) between 1 June 2012 and 31 May 2015.
Setting:
3 University of California, San Francisco, hospitals.
Patients:
All nonobstetric adult inpatients who underwent point-of-care glucose testing.
Intervention:
Hospitalized adult patients with 2 or more glucose values of 12.5 mmol/L or greater (≥225 mg/dL) (hyperglycemic) and/or a glucose level less than 3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) (hypoglycemic) in the previous 24 hours were identified using a daily glucose report. Based on review of the insulin/glucose chart in the electronic medical record, recommendations for insulin changes were entered in a vGMS note, which could be seen by all clinicians.
Measurements:
Proportion of patient-days classified as hyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, and at-goal (all measurements ≥3.9 and ≤10 mmol/L [≥70 and ≤180 mg/dL] during the pre-vGMS, transition, and vGMS periods).
Results:
The proportion of hyperglycemic patients decreased by 39%, from 6.6 per 100 patient-days in the pre-vGMS period to 4.0 per 100 patient-days in the vGMS period (difference, -2.5 [95% CI, -2.7 to -2.4]). The hypoglycemic proportion in the vGMS period was 36% lower than in the pre-vGMS period (difference, -0.28 [CI, -0.35 to -0.22]). Forty severe hypoglycemic events (<2.2 mmol/L [<40 mg/dL]) occurred during the pre-vGMS period compared with 15 during the vGMS period.
Limitation:
Information was not collected on patients' concurrent illnesses and treatment or physicians' responses to the vGMS notes.
Conclusion:
Implementation of the vGMS was associated with decreases in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
Primary Funding Source:
National Institutes of Health, the Wilsey Family Foundation, and the UCSF Clinical & Translational Science Institute.
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