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Pediatric Acute Otitis Media in the Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination

Kareem O Tawfik1, Stacey L Ishman1,2, Mekibib Altaye3

  • 11 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|March 29, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Hospital admissions for pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) and its complications (CAOM) significantly decreased by 34% after pneumococcal vaccination. Admissions for pneumococcal meningitis in children with AOM also declined, highlighting vaccine effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Public health surveillance

Background:

  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood infection.
  • Complications of AOM (CAOM) can lead to hospitalization.
  • The introduction of pneumococcal vaccination aimed to reduce invasive pneumococcal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in hospital admissions for pediatric AOM and CAOM post-pneumococcal vaccination (2000-2012).
  • To assess the trend of hospital admissions for pneumococcal meningitis in children with AOM-related diagnoses.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of the Kids' Inpatient Database (2000-2012).
  • Inclusion of children aged <21 years with diagnoses of AOM, CAOM, and pneumococcal meningitis.
  • Trend analysis of admission prevalences.

Main Results:

  • Annual AOM/CAOM admissions decreased by 34% (3.956 to 2.618 per 100,000).
  • The most significant declines were observed in infants (<1 year) and toddlers (1-2 years).
  • Admissions for pneumococcal meningitis with AOM/CAOM decreased from 1.760 to 0.717 per 1,000,000.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumococcal vaccination is associated with a significant decline in hospital admissions for pediatric AOM/CAOM.
  • Vaccine introduction has also led to a reduction in severe outcomes like pneumococcal meningitis in this population.

Keywords:
PCVacute otitis mediacomplications of otitis mediaotitis mediapneumococcal vaccination

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