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Related Experiment Video

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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Oncogenic BRAF disrupts thyroid morphogenesis and function via twist expression.

Viviana Anelli1, Jacques A Villefranc1, Sagar Chhangawala1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, United States.

Elife
|March 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid cancer development was modeled in zebrafish using BRAFV600E. Targeting BRAF and MEK pathways, along with TWIST2, reversed tumor formation and restored thyroid function.

Keywords:
EMTcancer biologyepithelial cellsgene expressionhuman biologymedicineprotooncogeneszebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer progression involves complex genetic alterations.
  • The precise sequence of molecular events driving thyroid tumorigenesis remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel zebrafish model for studying thyroid carcinoma induced by BRAFV600E.
  • To investigate the temporal effects of BRAFV600E on thyroid development and identify key molecular players.

Main Methods:

  • Established a zebrafish model expressing BRAFV600E in thyrocytes.
  • Utilized real-time in vivo imaging to observe developmental changes.
  • Administered BRAF and MEK inhibitors for combinatorial treatment.
  • Performed gene expression analysis to identify predictive signatures and key effectors.
  • Employed CRISPR/Cas9 for genetic inactivation of TWIST2.

Main Results:

  • BRAFV600E expression caused early disruption of thyroid follicle structure.
  • Combinatorial BRAF/MEK inhibition reversed developmental abnormalities.
  • Adult zebrafish developed invasive thyroid carcinoma.
  • A gene expression signature from zebrafish thyroid cancer predicted patient disease-free survival.
  • TWIST2 was identified as a key downstream effector of BRAFV600E.
  • Genetic inactivation of TWIST2 suppressed BRAFV600E effects and restored thyroid morphology and hormone synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • BRAFV600E initiates thyroid cancer through early developmental disruptions.
  • TWIST2 is a critical mediator in BRAFV600E-driven thyroid transformation.
  • The zebrafish model and identified gene signature offer valuable tools for thyroid cancer research and patient stratification.