Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

50.1K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.1K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

40.2K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
40.2K
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

129.1K
Overview
129.1K
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

75.2K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
75.2K
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

25.4K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
25.4K
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

2.2K
Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Perspective on human diagnostic and national reference laboratory preparedness for zoonotic influenza in Europe.

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin·2026
Same author

Population effects of influenza vaccination in children and adolescents: Systematic review.

Vaccine·2025
Same author

Efficacy and safety of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2025
Same author

Hepatitis B virus resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy: WHO consultation on questions, challenges, and a roadmap for the field.

The Lancet. Microbe·2025
Same author

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variant mutations on susceptibility to monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs: a non-systematic review, April 2022 to October 2024.

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin·2025
Same author

CCT: a coordinate conversion tool for hepatitis B virus.

Southern African journal of infectious diseases·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay
09:14

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: January 26, 2019

11.6K

Paediatric Virology: A rapidly increasing educational challenge.

Ioannis N Mammas1, Maria Theodoridou2, Anna Kramvis3

  • 1Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
|March 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This workshop reviewed advances in pediatric virology, covering HIV-1, hepatitis B and C, Zika virus, and influenza in children. It also discussed diagnostic methods and the anti-vaccination movement.

Keywords:
AIDSCoxsackie virusesENTHIV-1HPVMRIPaediatric VirologyZika virusconjunctivitishepatitis Bhepatitis Cinfluenzaviral infections

More Related Videos

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

8.4K
Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment
08:34

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

Published on: March 2, 2016

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 5, 2026

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay
09:14

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: January 26, 2019

11.6K
An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

8.4K
Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment
08:34

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment

Published on: March 2, 2016

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The 2nd Workshop on Paediatric Virology convened in Athens, Greece, on October 8, 2016.
  • The workshop addressed critical issues in pediatric viral infections amidst global health challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent advances in pediatric virology.
  • To discuss challenges and management strategies for various viral infections in children.
  • To explore new diagnostic and treatment modalities and educational aspects of pediatric virology.

Main Methods:

  • The content is based on selected lectures and discussions from the workshop.
  • Key topics included specific viral diseases, diagnostic techniques, and public health considerations.
  • Expert presentations covered a range of pediatric viral infections and their management.

Main Results:

  • Emphasis was placed on HIV-1 management in Greece, hepatitis B vaccination in Africa, and hepatitis C treatment in children.
  • The workshop covered Zika virus, influenza burden, hand-foot-mouth disease, and Coxsackie virus-associated myocarditis.
  • Advances in diagnosing and treating viral conjunctivitis and HPV infections were presented, alongside imaging and surgical approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The workshop highlighted the evolving landscape of pediatric virology, emphasizing the need for updated management and diagnostic strategies.
  • It underscored the impact of financial crises on public health interventions, such as HIV-1 management.
  • The event also addressed the educational challenges in establishing pediatric virology as a subspecialty and the historical context of vaccination hesitancy.