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Related Experiment Videos

Clostridium difficile infection in returning travellers.

A Michal Stevens1, Douglas H Esposito2, Rhett J Stoney2

  • 1International Travel Clinic, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Journal of Travel Medicine
|March 30, 2017
PubMed

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Summary

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) affects international travelers, with cases reported globally. Travelers should be aware of CDI as a potential cause of diarrhea after returning from trips.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Travel Medicine
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) contributes to the global disease burden.
  • The epidemiology of CDI in international travelers remains poorly understood.
  • Factors like antibiotic use and gut microbiota changes may increase traveler risk for CDI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the characteristics of travelers with CDI.
  • To analyze travel-associated and geographic factors in CDI cases.
  • To compare testing practices for CDI among GeoSentinel sites.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of demographic, travel, and geographic data from the GeoSentinel database (1997-2015).
  • Survey of GeoSentinel sites regarding CDI testing indications, approaches, and modalities.
Keywords:
Clostridium difficilediarrhoeatravellers

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  • Inclusion criteria: confirmed CDI cases in non-immigrant travelers (>2 years old) seen within 12 weeks post-travel.

    • Main Results:

    • 260 GeoSentinel records identified; 187 met analysis criteria.
    • CDI cases were reported across all age groups and world regions.
    • Top destinations for infected travelers: Asia (31%), Central/South America/Caribbean (30%), Africa (24%).
    • Significant heterogeneity in testing approaches was observed, with C. difficile toxin gene PCR being most common.

    Conclusions:

    • Clostridium difficile infection is a recognized issue in returning international travelers.
    • Considerable variability exists in diagnostic testing practices for CDI.
    • Healthcare providers should maintain awareness of CDI as a potential cause of travel-associated diarrhea.