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Role of Parental Smoking in Severe Bronchiolitis: A Hospital Based Case-Control Study

Rubina Farzana1, Mujibul Hoque2, Mohammad Shah Kamal3

  • 1Leprosy Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

International Journal of Pediatrics
|March 31, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Parental smoking significantly increases the risk of severe bronchiolitis in infants. This study found children exposed to parental smoke were 2.8 times more likely to develop severe bronchiolitis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of infant hospitalization in Bangladesh, affecting approximately 21% of children under five.
  • Parental smoking is a known risk factor for bronchiolitis susceptibility and severity.
  • Bangladesh has a high prevalence of smoking, with 50% of men and 3% of women being smokers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between parental smoking and the risk of severe bronchiolitis in infants.
  • To quantify the increased risk of severe bronchiolitis due to parental smoking exposure.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted with 64 infants diagnosed with severe bronchiolitis (cases) and 64 healthy matched controls.
  • Data were collected from July 2013 to December 2015 at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh.
  • Systematic random sampling was employed to select participants.

Main Results:

  • Children with severe bronchiolitis were more likely to have been exposed to parental smoking (59% of cases vs. 34% of controls).
  • Parental smoking exposure was statistically significant (p = 0.005) and associated with an odds ratio of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.36-5.72).
  • The average age of patients was 7.53 months, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1.

Conclusions:

  • Exposure to parental smoking significantly increases the risk of developing severe bronchiolitis in infants.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of parental smoking as a modifiable risk factor for severe infant respiratory illness.
  • Public health initiatives should focus on parental smoking cessation to reduce the burden of bronchiolitis.

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