A simple comparison of the extrinsic noise in gene expression between native and foreign regulations in Escherichia coli

Living cells reorganize their gene expression through regulatory machineries in response to external perturbations. The contribution of the regulation to the noise in gene expression is of great interest. In this study, we evaluate the contribution of both native and foreign regulations to the extrinsic noise in gene expression. We analyzed the gene expression data of a mini-library containing 70 genetic constructs of 136 clones into which the gfp gene had been chromosomally incorporated under the control of either native or foreign regulation. We found that the substitution of native by foreign regulation, i.e., the insertion of the P_tet promoter, triggered a decrease in the extrinsic noise, which was independent of the protein abundance. The reanalyses of varied genomic data sets verified that the noisy gene expression mediated by native regulations is a common feature, regardless of the diversity in the genetic approaches used. Disturbing native regulations by a synthetic promoter reduced the extrinsic noise in gene expression in Escherichia coli. It indicated that the extrinsic noise in gene expression caused by the native regulation could be further repressed. These results suggest a tendency of released regulation leading to reduced noise and a linkage between noise and plasticity in the regulation of gene expression.