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Related Experiment Videos

Panel 1: Epidemiology and Diagnosis.

Preben Homøe1, Kari Kværner2,3, Janet R Casey4

  • 11 Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Køge, Denmark.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|April 5, 2017
PubMed
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Advances in otitis media (OM) research show increasing diagnostic and genetic studies, with new risk factors and comorbidities identified. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines demonstrate benefits, but uniform definitions and guideline adherence remain challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Epidemiology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Otitis media (OM) is a global health concern, particularly in high-risk populations.
  • OM contributes significantly to lifelong hearing loss and impacts quality of life.
  • Existing literature reviews lack comprehensive updates on recent OM epidemiology and diagnostic advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a literature review on otitis media (OM) epidemiology and diagnosis from 2011 to June 2015.
  • To synthesize findings on audiology, risk factors, genetics, and quality of life related to OM.
  • To identify emerging trends and implications for clinical practice and public health.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic electronic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library.
Keywords:
chronic suppurative otitis mediadiagnosticsepidemiologygeneticsguidelineshearing lossmicrobiologyotitis mediaquality of liferisk factors

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  • Inclusion of articles with robust epidemiologic methodology for OM, acute mastoiditis, and eustachian tube dysfunction.
  • Review focused on global OM, high-risk groups, hearing loss, diagnostics, risk factors, genetics, microbiology, guidelines, and quality of life.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant increase in diagnostic evidence and genetic studies for OM.
    • Introduction of worldwide guidelines and evidence supporting pneumococcal conjugate vaccine efficacy.
    • Identification of new risk factors, comorbidities (e.g., HIV, childhood obesity), and genetic heritability (20-50%).
    • OM-prone children exhibit weaker immune responses to vaccines; chronic suppurative OM is a global cause of hearing loss.

    Conclusions:

    • Diagnostic and genetic research in OM is expanding, with global guidelines emerging.
    • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines show benefits, though OM-prone children may have reduced vaccine response.
    • Chronic suppurative OM necessitates attention due to lifelong hearing loss; uniform definitions and guideline adherence are crucial.
    • Tympanometry is recommended for diagnosis; video otoscopy and validated questionnaires can aid clinicians.