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American Orthopaedic Surgeons in World War I.

David P Green1, Jesse C DeLee

  • 11Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
|April 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The Great War transformed orthopaedics from a nonoperative specialty to a surgical one focused on acute trauma, deformity prevention, and rehabilitation. This shift emphasized functional restoration for wounded soldiers.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical history
  • Surgical innovation
  • Military medicine

Background:

  • Orthopaedics was a nonoperative specialty before World War I, focusing on infections and deformities.
  • The First Goldthwait Unit comprised 21 orthopaedic surgeons deployed to Europe in 1917.
  • The entry of the United States into the Great War necessitated rapid advancements in medical care.

Observation:

  • The Great War presented unprecedented challenges in treating battlefield injuries.
  • Orthopaedic surgeons faced a high volume of traumatic injuries requiring surgical intervention.
  • Existing nonoperative methods were insufficient for the scale and nature of wartime orthopaedic trauma.

Findings:

  • World War I catalyzed the evolution of orthopaedics into an acute surgical specialty.
  • Emphasis shifted to immediate treatment, deformity prevention, and functional restoration.
  • Rehabilitation became a critical component of orthopaedic care for soldiers.

Implications:

  • The war established modern orthopaedic surgery as a vital surgical discipline.
  • Innovations in trauma care and surgical techniques emerged from the conflict.
  • The specialty's focus expanded to encompass a broader range of complex musculoskeletal conditions.

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