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Related Experiment Videos

Sex-specific differences and developmental programming for diseases in later life.

Deepali P Sundrani1, Suchitra S Roy1, Anjali T Jadhav1

  • 1Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Katraj, Pune 411043, India.

Reproduction, Fertility, and Development
|April 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Maternal environment during pregnancy influences non-communicable diseases (NCDs) development, with sex-specific differences emerging early. Placental epigenetic programming, influenced by hormones, drives these sex-specific NCD outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Altered maternal metabolic status during pregnancy can lead to developmental programming of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
  • Sex-specific differences are observed in most NCDs, suggesting early developmental influences.
  • Hormonal and metabolic environments impact sex-specific placental development from conception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on sex-specific differences in NCDs resulting from placental epigenetic programming.
  • To discuss potential mechanisms underlying these sex-specific developmental effects.
  • To examine sex-specific placental changes in pregnancies with complications like fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, and preterm birth.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Literature review of animal and human studies.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on NCDs and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Examination of epigenetic mechanisms and hormonal influences on placental development.

    • Main Results:

    • Maternal environment and hormones contribute to sex-specific placental development and epigenetic programming.
    • Sex-specific transcriptional regulation occurs from conception, suggesting distinct developmental pathways.
    • Placental structure and function show sex-specific alterations in complicated pregnancies.

    Conclusions:

    • Placental epigenetic programming plays a crucial role in sex-specific NCD development.
    • Future research on DOHaD must account for fetal sex to understand health outcomes and survival.
    • Considering fetal sex is essential for explaining developmental origins of health and disease.