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Related Experiment Videos

Three-dimensional microfabrication through a multimode optical fiber.

Edgar E Morales-Delgado, Loic Urio, Donald B Conkey

    Optics Express
    |April 7, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study introduces endofabrication, a novel 3D microfabrication technique using an ultra-thin nozzle and wavefront shaping. It enables precise 3D printing through multimode optical fibers for inaccessible micro-structures.

    Area of Science:

    • Additive Manufacturing
    • Microfabrication
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Conventional 3D printing often requires direct access to the build area, limiting applications.
    • Existing microfabrication techniques face challenges in accessing confined or remote spaces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate 3D microfabrication through an ultra-thin nozzle using an optical fiber.
    • To overcome limitations of direct-access 3D printing for inaccessible micro-structures.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized two-photon polymerization (TPP) with an ultra-thin nozzle (560 µm diameter).
    • Employed wavefront shaping to focus femtosecond infrared pulses through a multimode optical fiber (MMF).
    • Fabricated 3D structures within a photoresist via two-photon absorption.

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    Main Results:

    • Achieved arbitrary 3D microfabrication through an MMF.
    • Constructed 3D structures with feature sizes down to 400 nm.
    • Demonstrated microfabrication in previously inaccessible areas via small apertures.

    Conclusions:

    • This work pioneers microfabrication through an MMF, a technique termed 'endofabrication'.
    • The developed endofabrication nozzle enables manufacturing of micro-structures in hard-to-reach locations.
    • This breakthrough expands the possibilities for in-situ and remote 3D micro-manufacturing.