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Thoracic Sarcoidosis: Imaging with High Resolution Computed Tomography.

Peeyush Kumar Dhagat1, Sarvinder Singh2, Megha Jain3

  • 1Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Base Hospital , Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India .

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
|April 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) effectively reveals thoracic sarcoidosis features. This imaging technique surpasses conventional radiography in detecting lung lesions and assessing disease activity.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic inflammatory disease predominantly affecting the lungs.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical, radiological, and pathological findings, specifically non-caseating granulomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the characteristic features of thoracic sarcoidosis using High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT).
  • To compare the diagnostic utility of HRCT against conventional chest radiography for sarcoidosis.

Main Methods:

  • A study of 40 pulmonary sarcoidosis patients (31 males, 9 females) over three years.
  • Inclusion of clinical evaluation, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT), chest radiography, and HRCT with detailed analysis of lung parenchyma and mediastinal lymph nodes.
  • Classification of lymph node enlargement and pulmonary opacities, with assessment of nodule distribution and lobe predominance.
Keywords:
LymphadenopathyNecrosisPulmonary sarcoidosis

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Main Results:

  • Stage distribution: 5 (Stage I), 24 (Stage II), 8 (Stage III), 3 (Stage IV).
  • Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in 29 patients, with bilateral hilar adenopathy being most common (22 patients).
  • Lung parenchymal involvement in 32 patients, characterized by perilymphatic micronodules (26 patients) predominantly in upper/middle lobes. HRCT demonstrated superiority over chest radiography.

Conclusions:

  • Thoracic sarcoidosis presents with diverse imaging features.
  • HRCT is a superior imaging modality for detecting and characterizing lung parenchymal lesions in sarcoidosis compared to conventional CT.