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Reconstructing the recent visual past: Hierarchical knowledge-based effects in visual working memory.

Marie Poirier1, Daniel Heussen2, Silvio Aldrovandi3

  • 1Psychology Department, City University London, Northampton Square, EC1V 0HB, London, UK. M.Poirier@city.ac.uk.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|April 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Knowledge significantly impacts visual working memory (VWM). Both general biases and specific object knowledge, like recognizing famous faces, alter how we remember visual information, demonstrating VWM

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Visual working memory (VWM) is crucial for temporarily storing and manipulating visual information.
  • Existing research suggests VWM representations are flexible and influenced by various factors.
  • The impact of multiple knowledge levels on VWM accuracy and biases requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different levels of knowledge influence visual working memory.
  • To examine biases in memory for faces and object sizes based on prior knowledge.
  • To extend previous findings on knowledge's role in episodic memory to VWM.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Participants memorized faces from continua (famous/unfamiliar) and located them within the continuum.
Keywords:
MemoryVisual working memory

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiment 2: Participants memorized object sizes (vegetables/shapes) and reproduced the studied size.
  • Analysis focused on response biases related to central tendencies and object-specific knowledge.

    • Main Results:

    • A central-tendency bias was observed, with recalled items shifting towards the average.
    • Object knowledge (e.g., famous faces, typical vegetable sizes) introduced additional response biases.
    • These biases indicate that VWM representations are actively shaped by prior knowledge.

    Conclusions:

    • Visual working memory is not a passive storage system but is dynamically influenced by knowledge.
    • Both general (central-tendency) and specific (object-based) knowledge biases memory recall.
    • Findings highlight the adaptive and complex nature of VWM representations.