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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Developmental pathways in infants from 4 to 24 months.

L Valla¹, M S Birkeland², D Hofoss³

¹National Network for Infant Mental Health in Norway, Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway.

Child: Care, Health and Development

|April 8, 2017

Summary

Most infants follow stable developmental paths, but some show U-shaped gross motor or declining communication skills. Identifying predictors like low gestational age can guide early intervention for at-risk infants.

Keywords:

Ages and Stages Questionnaires infants pathways predictors

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Epidemiology
Child Development
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Limited epidemiological data exists on infant developmental pathways in population-based samples.
Existing research highlights significant diversity in infant development.
Identifying predictors of developmental trajectories is crucial for effective early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify common developmental pathways in infancy using latent class analysis.
To investigate predictors associated with less beneficial developmental trajectories.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study of 1555 infants recruited from well-baby clinics in Norway.
Utilized the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to assess communication, motor, problem-solving, and social skills.
Employed latent class analysis to model developmental pathways.

Main Results:

Most infants exhibited stable, positive developmental pathways across assessed domains.
Heterogeneity was observed in communication and gross motor development.
A significant minority showed declining communication skills or U-shaped gross motor curves.
Low gestational age, Apgar score, male sex, maternal depression, non-Scandinavian ethnicity, and high maternal education predicted poorer communication pathways.

Conclusions:

Infants with specific risk factors (e.g., low gestational age, maternal depression) may be prone to less beneficial developmental pathways, particularly in communication.
Targeted surveillance and support for at-risk infants can mitigate developmental delays during critical early periods.