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Training spatial-simultaneous working memory in individuals with Down syndrome.

Silvia Lanfranchi1, Francesca Pulina1, Barbara Carretti2

  • 1Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy.

Research in Developmental Disabilities
|April 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Working memory (WM) training improved spatial-simultaneous WM skills in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Benefits were specific to trained tasks and immediate, with limited transfer to other cognitive areas.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) often exhibit selective impairments in the spatial-simultaneous component of working memory (WM).
  • Understanding potential interventions to enhance WM in DS is crucial for improving cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of a targeted training program on visuospatial WM performance in individuals with DS.
  • To analyze the immediate and maintenance effects of the training, including specific, near, and far transfer.

Main Methods:

  • 61 individuals with DS were randomized into three groups: visuospatial WM training, active vocabulary control, and passive control.
  • Training efficacy was assessed using specific WM tasks, near-transfer tasks (spatial-sequential, verbal WM), and far-transfer tasks (spatial abilities, daily competences).
Keywords:
Down syndromeIntellectual disabilitySpatial-sequential memoryTrainingWorking memory

Related Experiment Videos

  • Maintenance effects were evaluated with a 1-month follow-up assessment.

    • Main Results:

    • The training group demonstrated significant overall improvements in working memory performance.
    • Training benefits were primarily specific to the trained spatial-simultaneous WM tasks.
    • Some immediate transfer effects were observed on other WM tasks, but not on far-transfer measures.

    Conclusions:

    • Targeted training can enhance spatial-simultaneous working memory in individuals with Down syndrome.
    • The cognitive benefits appear to be task-specific and immediate, with limited generalization.
    • Further research is needed to explore strategies for broader cognitive transfer in this population.