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Related Experiment Videos

Matrix metalloproteinases outside vertebrates.

Laura Marino-Puertas1, Theodoros Goulas2, F Xavier Gomis-Rüth2

  • 1Proteolysis Lab, Structural Biology Unit, "María-de-Maeztu" Unit of Excellence, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park; c/Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research
|April 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are widely distributed across all life kingdoms, not just vertebrates. Their presence in bacteria and archaea challenges traditional evolutionary models.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent enzymes crucial in physiology and disease, primarily studied in vertebrates.
  • MMPs possess a conserved catalytic domain (CD) with characteristic structural features distinguishing them from other metzincins.
  • Extensive paralogy exists within the MMP family, with 23 forms identified in humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and distribution of MMPs outside of vertebrates.
  • To identify potential MMP catalytic domains (CDs) in various non-vertebrate organisms.
  • To analyze the evolutionary implications of MMP distribution across different life kingdoms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MMPs in non-vertebrate organisms.
Keywords:
Catalytic domainInvertebratesMMPMetzincinStructure-based sequence motifZinc metalloproteinase

Related Experiment Videos

  • Database searches for potential MMP CDs in invertebrates, plants, fungi, viruses, protists, archaea, and bacteria.
  • Comparative analysis of MMP sequence patterns and structural features.

    • Main Results:

    • MMPs are widely found in Eumetazoa and higher plants, with limited presence in algae.
    • Significant numbers of MMP sequences were identified in fungi (Ascomycota), viruses (double-stranded DNA viruses), archaea, and bacteria.
    • Most archaeal and bacterial phyla with MMPs are part of human oral and gut microbiomes.
    • MMP-like sequences exhibit an asymmetric distribution across life kingdoms, inconsistent with vertical descent from a single ancestor.

    Conclusions:

    • MMP-like sequences are ubiquitous across all kingdoms of life.
    • The broad distribution and varied copy numbers suggest complex evolutionary pathways for MMPs.
    • The presence of MMPs in microbial communities highlights their ecological significance and potential roles in host-microbiome interactions.