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Targeted enzymatic therapy for coeliac disease.

Marina Girbal-González1,2, Arturo Rodríguez-Banqueri3, Hadeel Swaid3,4

  • 1Section of Physiology; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology; Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences; University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

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A novel enzyme, celiacase (Clc), effectively degrades gluten peptides in the stomach, offering a potential new therapy for celiac disease (CD) beyond a strict gluten-free diet.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten peptides.
  • Current management relies on a strict gluten-free diet, which has limitations.
  • No curative therapies are currently available for CD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel enzyme, celiacase (Clc), for gluten degradation.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of Clc in preclinical models of celiac disease.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered a recombinant prolyl endopeptidase (celiacase) from pitcher plant neprosin.
  • Assessed Clc activity in simulated gastric conditions and against gluten peptides.
  • Tested Clc in ex vivo assays with immune cells and patient biopsies.
  • Evaluated Clc's therapeutic potential in vivo using a mouse model of gluten-induced enteropathy.

Main Results:

  • Celiacase demonstrated optimal activity at gastric pH and efficiently cleaved immunogenic gluten peptides.
  • Clc significantly reduced gluten peptide levels in a human gastrointestinal simulator.
  • Clc-digested gluten failed to induce immune responses in macrophages and CD patient biopsies.
  • In vivo, Clc treatment attenuated gluten-induced pathology, inflammation, and immune responses in mice.

Conclusions:

  • Celiacase is a potent, acid-stable enzyme capable of degrading gluten immunogenic peptides.
  • Clc shows promise as a therapeutic adjunct or alternative to a gluten-free diet for celiac disease patients.