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Risk factors for low birth weight and preterm birth: A population-based case-control study in Wuhan, China
Insights
Maternal hypertension and high-risk pregnancies increase risks for low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PB). Higher maternal BMI and fruit intake are protective factors for LBW and PB.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Neonatal Health
- Public Health Research
Background:
- Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PB) are significant contributors to neonatal mortality and long-term health issues.
- Identifying risk and protective factors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate maternal and environmental factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PB).
- To provide data for targeted interventions to reduce the incidence of LBW and PB.
Main Methods:
- A population-based case-control study conducted in Wuhan, China, from January 2011 to December 2013.
- Included 337 LBW, 472 PB newborns, and 708 controls; data collected via questionnaires and medical records.
- Univariate and logistic regression analyses were employed to identify significant factors.
Main Results:
- Maternal hypertension, high-risk pregnancy, and low first-trimester fruit intake were risk factors for LBW.
- Higher maternal BMI and adequate gestation were protective against LBW.
- Maternal hypertension, high-risk pregnancy, infrequent meal intake, and high intake of additives were risk factors for PB.
- Higher maternal BMI, greater distance from road, and rural living were protective factors for PB.
Conclusions:
- Specific maternal health conditions, dietary habits, and socioeconomic factors significantly influence LBW and PB risks.
- Findings offer valuable insights for public health initiatives aimed at preventing LBW and PB in newborns.
Abstract:
Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PB) are associated with newborn mortality and diseases in adulthood. We explored factors related to LBW and PB by conducting a population-based case-control study from January 2011 to December 2013 in Wuhan, China. A total of 337 LBW newborn babies, 472 PB babies, and 708 babies with normal birth weights and born from term pregnancies were included in this study. Information of newborns and their parents was collected by trained investigators using questionnaires and referring to medical records. Univariate and logistic regression analyses with the stepwise selection method were used to determine the associations of related factors with LBW and PB. Results showed that maternal hypertension (OR=6.78, 95% CI: 2.27-20.29, P=0.001), maternal high-risk pregnancy (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.06-2.21, P=0.022), and maternal fruit intake ≥300 g per day during the first trimester (OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.17-2.45, P=0.005) were associated with LBW. BMI ≥24 kg/m2 of mother prior to delivery (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.32-0.74, P=0.001) and gestation ≥37 weeks (OR=0.01, 95% CI: 0.00-0.02, P<0.034) were protective factors for LBW. Maternal hypertension (OR=3.36, 95% CI: 1.26-8.98, P=0.016), maternal high-risk pregnancy (OR=4.38, 95% CI: 3.26-5.88, P<0.001), maternal meal intake of only twice per day (OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.10-3.20, P=0.021), and mother liking food with lots of aginomoto and salt (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.02-2.51, P=0.040) were risk factors for PB. BMI ≥24 kg/m2 of mother prior to delivery (OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.47-0.93, P=0.018), distance of house from road ≥36 meters (OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.53-0.97, P=0.028), and living in rural area (OR= 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37-0.99, P=0.047) were protective factors for PB. Our study demonstrated some risk factors and protective factors for LBW and PB, and provided valuable information for the prevention of the conditions among newborns.