Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 14, 2026
Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
Published on: July 21, 2020
Gaze-contingent perceptually enabled interactions in the operating theatre
Alexandros A Kogkas1, Ara Darzi2, George P Mylonas2
1HARMS Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, 20 South Wharf Road, 3rd Floor Paterson Centre, London, W21PF, UK. a.kogkas15@imperial.ac.uk.
Purpose:
Improved surgical outcome and patient safety in the operating theatre are constant challenges. We hypothesise that a framework that collects and utilises information -especially perceptually enabled ones-from multiple sources, could help to meet the above goals. This paper presents some core functionalities of a wider low-cost framework under development that allows perceptually enabled interaction within the surgical environment.
Methods:
The synergy of wearable eye-tracking and advanced computer vision methodologies, such as SLAM, is exploited. As a demonstration of one of the framework's possible functionalities, an articulated collaborative robotic arm and laser pointer is integrated and the set-up is used to project the surgeon's fixation point in 3D space.
Results:
The implementation is evaluated over 60 fixations on predefined targets, with distances between the subject and the targets of 92-212 cm and between the robot and the targets of 42-193 cm. The median overall system error is currently 3.98 cm. Its real-time potential is also highlighted.
Conclusions:
The work presented here represents an introduction and preliminary experimental validation of core functionalities of a larger framework under development. The proposed framework is geared towards a safer and more efficient surgical theatre.
