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Myeloid sarcoma causing airway obstruction.

Aaron R Belknap1, John R Krause1

  • 1Department of Pathology (Belknap) and Division of Hematopathology (Krause), Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas and the Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|April 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Myeloid sarcoma, a rare extramedullary tumor, can present as airway obstruction. This case highlights its potential to mimic lymphoma, emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis in myeloid malignancies.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Myeloid sarcoma is defined as an extramedullary tumor composed of myeloid blasts.
  • It can occur independently or in conjunction with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • Common sites include skin, lymph nodes, GI tract, bone, soft tissue, and testes.

Observation:

  • A case is presented of an 84-year-old male with no prior malignancy history.
  • The patient presented with acute airway obstruction.
  • Imaging revealed a mediastinal mass compressing the trachea.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with myeloid sarcoma of the mediastinum.
  • This diagnosis was confirmed through histopathological examination.
  • The tumor's location caused significant tracheal compression.

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Implications:

  • Myeloid sarcoma requires differentiation from malignant lymphoma to avoid diagnostic and therapeutic delays.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering myeloid sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of extramedullary tumors, especially those causing airway compromise.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management of myeloid sarcoma and potential underlying acute myeloid leukemia.