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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Mechanical Expansion of Steel Tubing as a Solution to Leaky Wellbores
09:32

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Published on: November 20, 2014

Pushing the envelope.

Julia H Wildschutte1, John M Coffin2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, United States.

Elife
|April 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primates evolved a viral gene into a protective protein, blocking human endogenous retrovirus-T (HERV-T) infections. This adaptation likely led to the extinction of the HERV-T virus.

Keywords:
endogenous retrovirusevolutionary biologygenomicshominidhumaninfectious diseasemicrobiologypaleovirologyreceptorsvirologyvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections in the primate genome.
  • Some HERVs, like HERV-T, pose potential threats or have had significant impacts on host evolution.
  • Understanding HERV-host interactions is crucial for deciphering evolutionary pathways and disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origin and function of a specific primate-encoded protein.
  • To determine if this protein plays a role in defense against endogenous retroviruses.
  • To explore the potential impact of this protein on the evolutionary trajectory of HERV-T.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of primate genomes to identify the viral gene's origin.
  • Molecular cloning and expression of the primate-derived envelope protein.
  • In vitro assays to test the protein's ability to inhibit HERV-T infection.

Main Results:

  • Primates have integrated and modified a viral gene, expressing an envelope protein.
  • This protein effectively neutralizes infectivity of the HERV-T virus in cell culture.
  • Evidence suggests this viral gene capture was a key factor in HERV-T's decline.

Conclusions:

  • The co-option of a viral gene by primates represents a novel antiviral defense mechanism.
  • This evolutionary adaptation likely played a significant role in the extinction of the HERV-T virus.
  • Studying such gene capture events provides insights into host-pathogen co-evolution and viral persistence.