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Review: allergic contact stomatitis.

Liviu Feller1, Neil Hamilton Wood1, Razia Abdool Gafaar Khammissa1

  • 1Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
|April 15, 2017
PubMed
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See all related articles

Allergic contact stomatitis (ACS) is an oral inflammation caused by allergen exposure. Diagnosis involves allergen removal, and treatment includes corticosteroids for persistent cases.

Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Immunodermatology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Allergic contact stomatitis (ACS) is an immunoinflammatory disorder of the oral mucosa.
  • It presents with diverse clinical features like plaques, vesicles, and ulcerations, accompanied by discomfort.
  • ACS results from T cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity following re-exposure to an allergen in sensitized individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical, immunologic, and histopathological aspects of ACS.
  • To provide diagnostic and management guidelines for allergic contact stomatitis.
  • To discuss lichenoid contact reactions as a variant of ACS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical presentations, immunological mechanisms, and histopathological findings in ACS.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches, including presumptive diagnosis and patch testing.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies, encompassing allergen avoidance, topical and systemic corticosteroids, and antihistamines.

    • Main Results:

    • ACS diagnosis is often presumptive, confirmed by symptom resolution upon allergen removal.
    • Patch testing is crucial when the allergen is unidentified.
    • Topical corticosteroids are first-line treatment; systemic therapy may be needed for severe cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of ACS relies on accurate diagnosis and allergen identification or avoidance.
    • A multi-faceted approach combining clinical assessment, patch testing, and appropriate pharmacotherapy is essential.
    • Understanding the immunologic basis of ACS guides therapeutic decisions for improved patient outcomes.