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New yeast models for studying mitochondrial morphology as affected by oxidative stress and other factors
Anton G Rogov1, Alexandra P Ovchenkova1, Tatiana N Goleva1
1Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Leninsky pr. 33, Russian Federation.
Abstract:
The overwhelming majority of investigations on mitochondrial morphology were performed using S. cerevisiae. In this study we showed the benefits of applying new model organisms including petite-negative D. magnusii and Y. lipolytica yeasts for visualization of mitochondrial fragmentation. Normally giant D. magnusii cells and filament-like Y. lipolytica cells contain the highly structured mitochondrial reticulum. Oxidative stress mediated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide triggered mitochondrial fragmentation in yeasts. In D. magnusii mitochondrial fragmentation was also induced by impairing the oxidative phosphorylation system. Higher prooxidant concentrations caused cell death. Cationic lipophilic antioxidant SkQ1 acted downstream of the excessive ROS production and prevented partially or almost totally oxidative stress and related mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death. We believe that utility of D. magnusii and Y. lipolytica yeasts as a "living test tube" would be useful for providing new information concerning the interplay between mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial dysfunction, cell cycle, aging, mitophagy and cell death.
Insights
New yeast models, D. magnusii and Y. lipolytica, effectively visualize mitochondrial fragmentation during oxidative stress. These organisms offer insights into mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death pathways.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Mitochondrial Dynamics
- Yeast Genetics
Background:
- Mitochondrial morphology studies predominantly use Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Novel model organisms are needed to expand our understanding of mitochondrial dynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the utility of petite-negative yeasts, D. magnusii and Y. lipolytica, for studying mitochondrial fragmentation.
- To investigate the effects of oxidative stress and impaired oxidative phosphorylation on mitochondrial structure in these yeasts.
- To assess the protective effects of the antioxidant SkQ1 against oxidative damage.
Main Methods:
- Utilized D. magnusii and Y. lipolytica as model systems.
- Induced mitochondrial fragmentation using tert-butyl hydroperoxide and by disrupting oxidative phosphorylation.
- Administered the cationic lipophilic antioxidant SkQ1 to evaluate its protective role.
Main Results:
- D. magnusii and Y. lipolytica exhibit highly structured mitochondrial reticula.
- Oxidative stress and impaired oxidative phosphorylation induced significant mitochondrial fragmentation.
- Higher prooxidant concentrations led to cell death.
- SkQ1 demonstrated partial to complete protection against oxidative stress, mitochondrial fragmentation, and cell death.
Conclusions:
- D. magnusii and Y. lipolytica are valuable models for visualizing mitochondrial fragmentation.
- These yeasts provide a "living test tube" for studying mitochondrial dynamics, dysfunction, and cell fate.
- Findings contribute to understanding the interplay between mitochondrial health, aging, and cell death.