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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
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Biophysical regulation of cell reprogramming.

Sze Yue Wong1, Jennifer Soto1, Song Li1,2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley.

Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering
|April 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Biomaterials enhance induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell reprogramming and direct reprogramming for disease modeling. This review focuses on biomaterials

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials science
  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell reprogramming and direct reprogramming offer potential for disease modeling and personalized medicine.
  • Current reprogramming methods require optimization for efficiency and effectiveness.
  • Biomaterials are being explored to engineer cellular microenvironments for improved reprogramming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in biomaterial applications for iPS cell reprogramming and direct reprogramming.
  • To focus on the biophysical aspects of biomaterials influencing cell conversion.
  • To identify future challenges and research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on biomaterials in cell reprogramming.

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  • Analysis of the biophysical properties of biomaterials used.
  • Synthesis of findings on reprogramming efficiency and outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Biomaterials can significantly influence the efficiency and effectiveness of both iPS cell reprogramming and direct reprogramming.
    • The biophysical characteristics of biomaterials play a crucial role in modulating cell fate.
    • The impact of biomaterials on direct cell conversion is less explored than on iPS cell reprogramming.

    Conclusions:

    • Biomaterials hold significant promise for optimizing cell reprogramming strategies.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand and harness the potential of biomaterials, particularly for direct reprogramming.
    • Focusing on biophysical cues can lead to more effective in situ cell reprogramming for therapeutic applications.