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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Articulating Projections
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Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Biodeterioration refers to the unwanted alteration of materials caused by microorganisms—especially fungi—which damage both organic substrates (paper, wood, textiles) and inorganic ones (stone, plaster, glass). Unlike abiotic decay, biodeterioration results from biological activity that produces physical disruption and chemical degradation.Physical deterioration occurs as fungal hyphae penetrate pores, cracks, and surface irregularities. Hyphal turgor pressure, thigmotropic growth along...

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What Can Erode Through Lungs, Bone and Skin?

J M Manalac1, D Shankaranayanan1, J Paul-Olivier1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Clinics, LSU Health, Lafayette.

The Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society : Official Organ of the Louisiana State Medical Society
|April 18, 2017
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A thoracic Actinomyces infection, mimicking malignancy, was successfully treated with antibiotics and drainage. This case highlights the importance of microbiology and pathology for early diagnosis and avoiding surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Medical Microbiology

Background:

  • Actinomyces are anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, often oral commensals.
  • Thoracic Actinomycosis can present with varied symptoms, sometimes mimicking lung cancer.
  • Prompt diagnosis is crucial to prevent invasive procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of thoracic Actinomycosis presenting as a chest wall mass and lung lesion.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic utility of microbiology and pathology in Actinomyces infections.
  • To illustrate successful non-surgical management of thoracic Actinomycosis.

Main Methods:

  • A patient with persistent cough and chest wall swelling underwent CT imaging and fluid aspiration.
  • Gram stain and pathology of exudate revealed characteristic filamentous bacteria.
  • Treatment involved chest tube drainage and a course of antibiotics (Penicillin G, then Doxycycline).

Main Results:

  • CT revealed a large lung lesion with chest wall extension and rib involvement.
  • Gram stain showed branching gram-positive rods; pathology noted filamentous organisms.
  • Culture confirmed Actinomyces israelii. Treatment led to significant lesion reduction and clinical improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Thoracic Actinomycosis requires astute microbiological and pathological evaluation for early diagnosis.
  • Antibiotic therapy and drainage can effectively manage Actinomycosis, avoiding invasive thoracic surgery.
  • This case demonstrates a favorable outcome with timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.