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Decrease in Pneumococcal Otitis Media Cultures With Concomitant Increased Antibiotic Susceptibility in the

Basel Jabarin1, Jacob Pitaro, Tzilia Lazarovitch

  • 1*Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery †Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Zerifin, Israel.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|April 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) significantly reduced Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) incidence in children with otitis media. Spn also showed increased susceptibility to common antibiotics following PCV introduction.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Otitis media (OM) is a common childhood infection.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a primary cause of OM.
  • The advent of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) aimed to reduce Spn-related diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of PCVs on the incidence of Spn in pediatric OM.
  • To assess changes in antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Spn isolates during the PCV era.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of children under 8 with OM and positive Spn cultures (2007-2014).
  • Comparison of Spn incidence and antibiotic susceptibility across pre-PCV, transition, and post-PCV13 periods.
  • Analysis of culture data, demographics, and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

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Main Results:

  • A significant downward trend in Spn incidence was observed post-PCV introduction.
  • Spn susceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ceftriaxone increased significantly over time.
  • The ratio of observed to expected Spn cultures decreased substantially after PCV implementation.

Conclusions:

  • PCVs effectively reduced the incidence of Spn-causing OM in children.
  • Vaccination with PCVs correlated with improved antibiotic susceptibility in circulating Spn strains.
  • These findings underscore the public health impact of PCV vaccination programs.