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Endocrine Imbalance Associated With Proteome Changes in Diabetes
Ahmed Khairallah1, Abo-Alela Farag2, Dina Johar3,4
1Pharmacology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|April 19, 2017
Summary
Cellular metabolism involves complex interactions, leading to damage from reactive species like nitric oxide and ROS, especially in diabetes. Understanding these processes is key to molecular medicine and mitochondrial research.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Medicine
- Cellular Metabolism
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Cellular metabolism involves intricate interactions between proteins, nucleic acids, and signaling pathways.
- These interactions are influenced by factors like sulfur bonds, electrostatic forces, and protein structure.
- Reactive species, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), play a significant role in cellular processes and damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review developments in molecular medicine related to cellular metabolism and reactive species.
- To discuss current and future research methods concerning mitochondria.
- To highlight the long-term effects of diabetes on protein glycation and tissue damage.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on cellular metabolism, molecular medicine, and mitochondrial research.
- Discussion of the chemical reactions and biological fates of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).
- Analysis of the role of serum thiol groups as extracellular scavengers.
Main Results:
- Diabetes leads to protein glycation (e.g., HbA1c) and increased risk of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
- Mitochondrial activity contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).
- Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) like NO, N2O3, ONOO-, and NO2 can cause significant protein and DNA damage.
Conclusions:
- The complex interplay of cellular metabolism, reactive species, and homeostatic imbalance contributes to proteostasis disruption.
- Understanding these dynamics is crucial for advancing molecular medicine and developing new therapeutic strategies.
- Continued research into mitochondrial function and reactive species management holds promise for future medical breakthroughs.