Occupation-based practices and homelessness: A scoping review

Area of Science:

• Occupational therapy
• Homelessness research
• Social determinants of health

Background:

• Occupational needs of individuals experiencing or at risk of homelessness are often overlooked in Canadian care systems.
• Limited evidence on occupational therapy's role in this population hinders professional advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify current and potential occupational therapy practices for individuals experiencing or at risk of homelessness.
• To inform the development of targeted interventions and support systems.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive scoping review was performed.
• Evidence was synthesized from both occupational therapy and related non-occupational therapy literature.

Main Results:

• 178 papers were selected, covering diverse areas such as skills training, employment, rehabilitation, family services, community building, and transitions to housing.
• Key intervention areas include occupational performance skills, repertoire enrichment, and support for employment/education.

Conclusions:

• Occupational therapists are positioned to create environments and opportunities fostering occupational engagement for those experiencing homelessness.
• Identified knowledge gaps include evaluating occupational therapy interventions, understanding family homelessness in Canada, and ensuring cultural safety.