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Mitochondria: a central target for sex differences in pathologies.

Renée Ventura-Clapier1, Maryline Moulin2,3, Jérôme Piquereau2

  • 1Cardiovascular Signaling and Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180 Inserm, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France renee.ventura@u-psud.fr.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|April 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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Mitochondria exhibit sexual dimorphism, impacting cell energy and disease. This review explores how mitochondrial differences between sexes contribute to sex-specific cardiovascular and neurological disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital for cellular energy (ATP production) and other functions, including hormone synthesis and cell death.
  • Mitochondrial health depends on biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy.
  • Sexual dimorphism in mitochondria affects oxidative capacity, calcium handling, and stress resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mitochondrial sexual dimorphism across tissues.
  • To elucidate the role of this dimorphism in sex-specific pathologies, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mitochondrial sexual dimorphism.
  • Analysis of the link between mitochondrial function and sex-specific disease prevalence.
Keywords:
ageingcardiovascular diseasesgendermetabolic diseasesmitochondrianeurological disordersoxidative stresssexsexual dimorphism

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Main Results:

  • Mitochondria display significant sexual dimorphism in various tissues.
  • Sex hormones modulate mitochondrial function and biogenesis.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in numerous pathologies with sex-specific incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial sexual dimorphism is a key factor in the sex-specific manifestation of diseases like CVDs and neurological disorders.
  • Understanding these differences can inform targeted therapeutic strategies.