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Plastic Behavior01:21

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices
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A New Phenomenon: Sub-Tg, Solid-State, Plasticity-Induced Bonding in Polymers.

Nikhil Padhye1, David M Parks1, Bernhardt L Trout2

  • 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge, 02139, USA.

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|April 21, 2017
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Summary

Researchers discovered solid-state bonding in amorphous polymers below their glass transition temperature (Tg). Plastic deformation induced molecular mobility, enabling rapid bonding at ambient temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Polymer self-adhesion typically relies on macromolecular interdiffusion.
  • Achieving strong adhesion often requires elevated temperatures near or above the glass transition temperature (Tg).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel mechanism for solid-state polymer bonding.
  • To investigate bonding induced by plastic deformation below the glass transition temperature (Tg).

Main Methods:

  • Subjecting amorphous polymer films to active plastic deformation at ambient temperatures, up to 60 K below Tg.
  • Analyzing adhesion levels and fractured interface morphologies.
  • Comparing bonding outcomes under different deformation conditions (e.g., uniaxial compression vs. shear).

Main Results:

  • Rapid bonding (on the order of seconds) was achieved in the solid-state below Tg.
  • Plastic deformation triggered sufficient molecular mobility for interchain penetration and bonding.
  • Bonding was dependent on the type of deformation, failing under conditions limiting plastic flow.

Conclusions:

  • Plastic deformation is a viable mechanism for inducing solid-state bonding in polymers below Tg.
  • This plasticity-induced bonding bypasses the need for high temperatures or solvent-assisted diffusion.
  • The findings open new avenues for polymer joining and material processing.