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Updated: Mar 3, 2026

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Foraging Value, Risk Avoidance, and Multiple Control Signals: How the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Controls Value-based

Joshua W Brown1, William H Alexander2

  • 1Indiana University.

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|April 22, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) signals high-risk situations to bias decisions, minimizing losses and maximizing gains. This model explains how ACC influences cognitive processes for better value-based decision-making.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a crucial role in various cognitive functions, including decision-making.
  • Understanding the output signals of the ACC and their impact on downstream cognitive processes remains a key question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a computational model of how the ACC influences cognitive processing in action-selection brain regions.
  • To elucidate the specific role of the ACC in representing and signaling potential costs or risks associated with actions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel computational model based on the Predicted Response Outcome model.
  • The model learns to represent states with high potential costs or risks.
  • Simulation of both proactive and reactive control signals.

Main Results:

  • The proposed model suggests the ACC learns to represent states with high action-related costs or risks.
  • These cost signals are used to bias decisions, aiming to minimize losses and maximize gains.
  • The model successfully accounts for diverse empirical findings in value-based decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • The ACC's role in cognition extends to signaling potential costs and risks to guide decision-making.
  • This cost-signaling mechanism helps optimize decisions for both short and long timescales.
  • The model provides a framework for understanding ACC's influence on cognitive control and value-based choices.