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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus
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Maternal immunisation: collaborating with mother nature.

Arnaud Marchant1, Manish Sadarangani2, Mathieu Garand3

  • 1Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
|April 24, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal immunization shows promise for reducing infant infectious diseases. This study identifies key research gaps to optimize maternal vaccination strategies for improved infant health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Maternal immunization offers a strategy to protect infants from infectious diseases post-birth.
  • Successful programs for tetanus, influenza, and pertussis highlight the potential for broader maternal vaccination.
  • Knowledge gaps in maternal immunobiology hinder the development of new vaccines against infections like group B Streptococcus and respiratory syncytial virus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a landscape analysis identifying research priorities in maternal immunization.
  • To address critical knowledge gaps preventing optimal design and application of maternal vaccines.
  • To inform future research and development in maternal immunization strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of published literature.
  • Consultations with vaccine developers and regulatory agencies.
  • A collaborative expert workshop and a global online survey to prioritize research gaps.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant knowledge gaps across multiple maternal immunization initiatives.
  • Prioritized research areas based on expert opinion regarding importance and relevance.
  • Highlighted the need for further research in maternal immunobiology for vaccine development.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal immunization is a crucial public health intervention with untapped potential.
  • Addressing identified research gaps is essential for advancing maternal vaccination.
  • Further investigation into immunobiology is critical for developing effective vaccines against infant infections.