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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
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Echinocandins in Ocular Therapeutics.

Akash Patil1, Soumyajit Majumdar1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi.

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics : the Official Journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|April 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Echinocandins are being investigated as novel treatments for fungal eye infections like keratitis and endophthalmitis. These antifungals show promise in improving ocular antifungal therapy beyond current options.

Keywords:
antifungal therapyechinocandinsfungal endophthalmitisfungal keratitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Fungal eye infections, including keratitis and endophthalmitis, pose a significant risk of vision loss.
  • Current treatments like topical natamycin are limited, and other antifungals have challenges with ocular penetration, bioavailability, and toxicity.
  • There is a critical need for effective and safe antifungal agents for ocular infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of echinocandin antifungals for treating ocular fungal infections.
  • To assess the ocular investigations of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin.
  • To understand the utility of echinocandins as alternative ocular antifungal agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ocular investigations of echinocandins.
  • Compilation of reports on caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin in ophthalmic settings.
  • Analysis of efficacy, safety, and tolerability data for ocular use.

Main Results:

  • Echinocandins are being explored for ocular infections due to their success in systemic fungal infections.
  • Initial evaluations suggest potential for echinocandins in treating fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis.
  • Further research is needed to establish optimal use and confirm benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Echinocandins represent a promising new class of antifungals for ocular infections.
  • Their favorable systemic profiles warrant investigation for ophthalmic applications.
  • These agents could offer an alternative to existing treatments with improved ocular outcomes.