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Temporal Progression of Lesions in Guinea Pigs Infected With Lassa Virus
T M Bell1, C I Shaia1,2, J J Bearss1
11 US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA.
Veterinary Pathology
|April 26, 2017
Summary
Lassa virus (LASV) infection causes severe hemorrhagic fever. This study shows guinea pigs infected with LASV develop similar symptoms and pathology, supporting their use as a model for Lassa fever research.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
Background:
- Lassa virus (LASV) causes hemorrhagic fever in West Africa, infecting thousands annually.
- Understanding LASV pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective treatments and vaccines.
- Strain 13 guinea pigs are evaluated as a potential animal model for Lassa fever.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the temporal progression of Lassa virus disease in guinea pigs.
- To assess the pathological changes and clinical signs following LASV infection.
- To determine the suitability of guinea pigs as an animal model for Lassa fever research.
Main Methods:
- Sixty-seven guinea pigs were experimentally infected with LASV via aerosol and subcutaneous routes.
- Serial sampling was performed to monitor viremia, hematology, and serum chemistry.
- Gross and histopathological examinations were conducted to identify lesions.
Main Results:
- Viremia was detected 5-6 days postexposure (PE), with clinical signs by 7-8 days PE.
- Key findings included lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, skin lesions, lung congestion, and lymphoid depletion.
- Hepatocellular degeneration and viral antigen in macrophages/dendritic cells were observed.
Conclusions:
- Guinea pigs infected with LASV exhibit pathological similarities to human Lassa fever.
- These findings support the use of guinea pigs as a valuable animal model for Lassa fever.
- This model can aid in vaccine and therapeutic development under the FDA's Animal Rule.
