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    High photo-initiator concentrations in one-step self-etch adhesives improve long-term bonding to dentin. Sufficiently high concentrations maintain bonding efficacy up to six months, but decrease after one year.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dental Materials Science
    • Adhesion Science
    • Polymer Chemistry

    Background:

    • Optimizing photo-initiator systems is crucial for the longevity of dental adhesives.
    • One-step self-etch adhesives offer simplified clinical application but require robust chemical stability.
    • Understanding photo-initiator effects on dentin bonding is essential for durable restorations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate how photo-initiator type and concentration affect the long-term bonding efficacy of one-step self-etch adhesives to dentin.
    • To assess the impact of aging on the mini-interfacial fracture toughness (mini-iFT) of experimental adhesives.
    • To compare the performance of different photo-initiator systems (camphorquinone/EDMAB and TPO) at varying concentrations.

    Main Methods:

    • Mini-interfacial fracture toughness (mini-iFT) was used to measure bonding efficacy.
    • Experimental adhesives with varying photo-initiator concentrations (high and low) were tested.
    • Specimens were aged in water at 37°C for 6 months and 1 year, with 1-week aging as control.
    • Fracture analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

    Main Results:

    • Adhesives with high photo-initiator concentrations showed comparable mini-iFT to commercial controls after 6 months, but a significant drop after 1 year.
    • Low photo-initiator concentrations resulted in significantly lower mini-iFT compared to high concentrations and commercial controls.
    • SEM revealed a shift in failure mode from the top to the bottom of the hybrid layer after aging for high concentration groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Sufficiently high photo-initiator concentrations are necessary for optimal immediate and long-term bonding efficacy of one-step self-etch adhesives to dentin.
    • While high concentrations stabilize bonding up to 6 months, a decrease in mini-iFT is observed after 1 year of aging.
    • Photo-initiator concentration significantly influences the durability of the adhesive bond to dentin.