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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited
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The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited

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Modifications to a 3D-printed temporal bone model for augmented stapes fixation surgery teaching.

Yann Nguyen1,2, Elisabeth Mamelle3,4, Daniele De Seta3,4

  • 1Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Inserm, UMR-S 1159 "Minimally Invasive Robot-based Hearing Rehabilitation", Paris, France. yann.nguyen@inserm.fr.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|April 26, 2017
PubMed
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Robotic Insertion of Cochlear Implants and Vestibular Function in Children.

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·2026
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Comparison of Manual Versus Robot-Assisted Piston Prosthesis Placement and Crimping in a 3D-Printed Temporal Bone Model.

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Micro-CT Evaluation of Robot-Assisted Insertion of CI632 Implant in Human Cadaveric Temporal Bones.

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Mastoid Obliteration Using Granules of S53p4 Bioactive Glass: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
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Does Mastoid and Epitympanic Obliteration With S53P4 Bioactive Glass Reduce Cholesteatoma Recidivism in Canal-Wall-Up Surgeries? A Retrospective Clinical Study.

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·2026
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Outcomes and predictive factors of success in stapes surgery: a multicentric retrospective analysis.

The Journal of laryngology and otology·2025

A novel 3D-printed temporal bone model with force sensors aids otosclerosis surgery training. Senior surgeons applied significantly less force to the stapes, indicating a valuable objective metric for resident skill development.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Surgical Education
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Otosclerosis surgery outcomes depend on surgeon experience, making resident training challenging.
  • Traditional training methods like cadaveric specimens are unsuitable for middle ear surgery.
  • Artificial temporal bones are used for mastoidectomy but not otosclerosis surgery training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt and evaluate a 3D-printed temporal bone model for otosclerosis surgery training.
  • To incorporate force sensors to provide objective feedback on surgical technique.
  • To compare the performance of junior and senior surgeons using this training tool.

Main Methods:

  • Modified a commercial 3D-printed temporal bone with in-house 3D-printed ossicles (incus and stapes).
Keywords:
EducationalForcesMiddle earOssicular chainOtosclerosisPistonProsthesisStapedotomyTraining

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  • Integrated a 6-axis force sensor to the incus and a 1-axis force sensor to the stapes footplate.
  • Enrolled junior (residents) and senior (fellows/consultants) surgeons to perform prosthesis placement and crimping, recording time and applied forces.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant difference in task completion time or forces applied to the incus between junior and senior surgeons.
    • Senior surgeons applied significantly lower forces to the stapes during prosthesis placement (80 mN vs 328 mN) and crimping (66 mN vs 565 mN).
    • Objective force measurements demonstrated a clear difference in technique between experience levels.

    Conclusions:

    • A modified 3D-printed temporal bone with integrated force sensors is a viable training tool for otosclerosis surgery.
    • This tool provides objective measurements to aid residents in self-evaluating and improving their surgical skills.
    • The force sensor data highlights differences in delicate manipulation required for stapes surgery based on experience.