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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

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Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

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Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers01:12

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers

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Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of medications that can prolong action potentials in the heart. They achieve this by blocking potassium channels or enhancing inward currents from sodium channels. However, these drugs have a unique property of "reverse use-dependence," which is most pronounced at slower heart rates and can lead to torsades de pointes—a specific type of arrhythmia. However, it is essential to note that excessive QT interval prolongation—a measure of...
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Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Laser-Induced Action Potential-Like Measurements of Cardiomyocytes on Microelectrode Arrays for Increased Predictivity of Safety Pharmacology
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Revisiting propafenone toxicity.

Ali A Alsaad1, Yahaira Ortiz Gonzalez2, Christopher O Austin2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|April 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Propafenone, an antiarrhythmic drug, can cause bradycardia and hypotension. This case highlights the importance of recognizing and managing propafenone toxicity in patients.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular medicineDrug interactionsPacing and electrophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Propafenone is a Vaughan Williams class 1c antiarrhythmic medication.
  • It is frequently prescribed for atrial fibrillation, particularly in patients without structural heart disease.
  • Propafenone is recognized for its 'pill-in-the-pocket' approach to managing paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Observation:

  • An unusual adverse reaction to propafenone was observed.
  • The patient presented with symptomatic bradycardia (slow heart rate) and hypotension (low blood pressure).

Findings:

  • This case illustrates a rare but serious adverse effect of propafenone.
  • Symptomatic bradycardia and hypotension can be manifestations of propafenone toxicity.

Implications:

  • Increased physician awareness regarding propafenone toxicity is crucial.
  • Prompt recognition and appropriate management strategies are essential for patient safety.
  • Further research into the long-term safety profile of propafenone is warranted.