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Therapeutic Ultrasound in Navicular Stress Injuries in Elite Track and Field Athletes
Nikolaos Malliaropoulos1, Dimosthenis Alaseirlis, George Konstantinidis
1*National Track & Field Centre, Sports Injury Clinic, Sports Medicine Clinic of S.E.G.A.S., Thessaloniki, Greece; †General Clinic-EUROMEDICA, Thessaloniki, Greece; ‡Asclepios Diagnostic Center, Thessaloniki, Greece; §Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; and ¶Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Objective:
To ascertain whether therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) can be used to assess the progression of conservative management in navicular stress injuries.
Design:
This is a prospective, clinical case series. Level of evidence IV.
Setting:
All participants were examined and followed up in a private Sports Injury Clinic.
Participants:
Ten elite track and field athletes with severe dorsal midfoot pain over the navicular bone participated in this study.
Interventions:
All patients underwent both TUS and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation. The painful threshold of TUS on initial evaluation was a mean of 0.707 ± 149 W/cm, and MRI detected a navicular stress injury in all patients. The athletes received conservative treatment and underwent sequential TUS evaluations at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks.
Main Outcome Measures:
Therapeutic ultrasound pain threshold values were recorded, and the patients were additionally asked to grade local tenderness on a Visual Analogue Scale. Time to return to play was also recorded.
Results:
The level of pain produced by the application of TUS on a navicular stress fracture seemed to correlate well with Visual Analogue Scale scores and the grade of fracture demonstrated on MRI. The initial low TUS painful mean value increased to a normal mean value of 1.97 ± 0.067 W/cm by 16 weeks. When clinical and TUS findings had returned to normal, the patients were allowed to return to sports activities, with no recurrences experienced during the study period.
Conclusions:
The production of pain associated with the application of TUS on a navicular stress fracture is a safe and reproducible method of monitoring the resolution of these fractures. We have used it successfully in making return-to-play decisions for elite level track and field athletes.
