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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Regulatory T Cell Immunity in Atherosclerosis.

Hilman Zulkifli Amin1, Naoto Sasaki, Ken-Ichi Hirata

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan. Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. hilman_amin@yahoo.co.id.

Acta Medica Indonesiana
|April 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) protect against atherosclerosis by reducing inflammation, while effector T cells (Teffs) worsen it. Targeting the Treg/Teff balance offers a potential therapeutic strategy for this cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:
Atherosclerosisinflammationregulatory T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Inflammation Biology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition driven by immune responses.
  • Effector T cells (Teffs) exacerbate atherosclerotic disease.
  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) demonstrate protective effects by suppressing inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of Tregs and Teffs in experimental atherosclerosis.
  • To discuss the involvement of Tregs and Teffs in human coronary artery disease.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of modulating the Treg/Teff balance in atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental atherosclerosis studies.
  • Analysis of data on T cell subsets in human coronary artery disease.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of Treg and Teff mechanisms in atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

  • Teff responses are implicated in promoting atherosclerosis.
  • Tregs exert protective functions through various anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
  • Evidence suggests a potential therapeutic benefit in promoting Treg activity.

Conclusions:

  • The balance between Tregs and Teffs is critical in atherosclerosis.
  • Modulating Treg/Teff dynamics represents a promising therapeutic avenue.
  • Further elucidation of Treg roles in human disease is warranted.