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Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

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Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Radical reactions can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. In an intermolecular radical reaction, a nucleophilic radical adds to an electrophilic alkene or vice versa. In such reactions, the radical and generally the alkene, which is also called the radical trap, are two different molecules. Additionally, for such intermolecular reactions to occur, the radical trap must be active, present in an excess concentration, and the radical starting material must have a weak...
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Molecular titanium nitrides: nucleophiles unleashed.

Lauren N Grant1, Balazs Pinter2, Takashi Kurogi1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .

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|April 29, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores titanium imide complexes, synthesizing rare imido moieties and determining the pKa of a parent imido species. Reactivity studies reveal N-atom transfer capabilities and insights into electronic structures via NMR and theoretical analyses.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Titanium imide complexes are relatively rare and exhibit unique reactivity.
  • Understanding the electronic properties and reactivity of these complexes is crucial for developing new catalytic systems and materials.
  • The influence of counterions on the electronic structure of metal-nitride bonds is an area of ongoing investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a rare titanium imide complex, [μ2-K(OEt2)]2[(PN)2Ti≡N]2 (1).
  • To investigate the reactivity of complex 1 in producing various imido moieties, including methylimido, borylimido, phosphonylimido, and parent imido species.
  • To elucidate the electronic structure and bonding characteristics of titanium-nitride functionalities using spectroscopic and theoretical methods.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of titanium imide complexes from azide precursors.
  • Reactivity studies involving weak acids, organic halides, and carbonyl compounds.
  • Characterization using solid-state 15N NMR (MAS) spectroscopy.
  • Computational studies including MO analysis and quantum chemical analysis of shielding tensors.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of complex 1 and its use to generate diverse imido ligands.
  • Determination of the pKa range for the NH group in the parent imido species (26-36).
  • Observation of complete N-atom transfer reactions, yielding terminal oxo complexes.
  • Correlation of K+ counterion effects with 15N NMR spectral shifts, revealing electronic structural changes in titanium-nitride bonds.

Conclusions:

  • Complex 1 serves as a versatile precursor for synthesizing a range of titanium imido complexes.
  • The pKa of the parent imido species is established, providing valuable thermodynamic data.
  • Spectroscopic and theoretical analyses offer a comprehensive understanding of cation-induced electronic modifications in titanium-nitride systems.