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Related Concept Videos

Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction01:16

Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction

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Actin and myosin are contractile proteins that form the sarcomere found in skeletal muscle tissues for regulating muscle contraction. Actin, a globular contractile protein, interacts with myosin for muscle contraction. The skeletal tissue appears striped or striated under a microscope due to the repeated arrangement of contractile proteins actin and myosin along the length of myofibrils. Dark A bands and light I bands repeat along myofibrils, and the alignment of myofibrils in the cell causes...
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The Sarcomere01:08

The Sarcomere

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A sarcomere is a microscopic segment repeating in a myofibril. The sarcomere fundamentally consists of two main myofilaments: thick filaments called myosin and thin filaments called actin. These filaments interact by sliding past each other in response to stimulus. In addition to myosin and actin, several other proteins, such as tropomyosin, troponin, titin, nebulin, myomesin, α-actinin, and dystrophin, play crucial roles in regulating, structuring, and functioning of the sarcomere.
Each...
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Overview of Myosin Structure and Function01:15

Overview of Myosin Structure and Function

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Myosins are a family of molecular motor proteins, first identified in the skeletal muscles, where they are responsible for muscle contraction. Along with their role in muscle contraction, these proteins also play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules and vesicles. There are twenty-four classes of myosins based on their domain sequence and organization. Of the twenty-four, six classes (Myosin I, Myosin II, Myosin V, Myosin VI, Myosin VII, and Myosin X)  have been well...
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Introduction to Actin01:26

Introduction to Actin

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Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle cells, while in non-muscle cells, it is lower and makes up around 1–5 percent of the total cell protein. Actin found in the unicellular amoebae and complex multicellular animals is around 80% similar, demonstrating their conservation over a billion years of evolution.  Actin coding genes are conserved within species and across...
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

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Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Deciphering the Mysteries of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types Using the MyDoBID Technique
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Myofilament function and body mass index.

Constanze Bening1,2, Khaled Hamouda2, Christoph Schimmer2

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55122 Mainz, Germany.

Biomedical Reports
|April 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher body mass index (BMI) significantly reduces cardiac contractile force in myocardial tissue. This effect is more pronounced in patients with obesity (BMI >30), suggesting weight impacts heart muscle function.

Keywords:
body mass indexcontractilitymyofilamentsobesityskinned fibers

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Isolating Myofibrils from Skeletal Muscle Biopsies and Determining Contractile Function with a Nano-Newton Resolution Force Transducer
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Isolating Myofibrils from Skeletal Muscle Biopsies and Determining Contractile Function with a Nano-Newton Resolution Force Transducer
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Physiology
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Body mass is known to influence myocardial performance.
  • Adipocyte-derived factors may negatively impact cardiac contractile function, but mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on cardiac force development at the contractile apparatus level.
  • To determine if obesity affects myocardial performance in skinned muscle fibers.

Main Methods:

  • Examined myocardial performance in skinned muscle fibers from 70 patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CABG or AVR).
  • Classified patients into three BMI groups: <25, 25-30, and >30.
  • Measured force generation by exposing fibers to increasing calcium concentrations and analyzed using Pearson's correlation.

Main Results:

  • A BMI >30 was significantly associated with reduced mean and maximal force generation compared to lower BMI groups (P<0.05).
  • The negative impact of high BMI on force was more pronounced in patients who underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) compared to Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR) (P=0.04).
  • Obesity (BMI >30) correlates with diminished cardiac force capacities.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated BMI, particularly obesity, is linked to reduced myocardial force generation.
  • Underlying cardiac conditions may exacerbate the negative effects of weight on cardiac function.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the clinical relevance and treatment implications.