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[Factitious disorders].

H-P Kapfhammer1

  • 1Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Österreich. Hans-peter.kapfhammer@klinikum-graz.at.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Factitious disorders involve intentionally faking symptoms for psychological reasons, presenting diagnostic and classification challenges. Prevalence rates are likely underestimated due to methodological difficulties in epidemiological studies.

Keywords:
Dissociative disorderIllness deceptionMalingeringSelf-harmSomatoform disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Factitious disorders are characterized by intentional fabrication or feigning of physical or psychiatric symptoms.
  • These disorders present complex diagnostic and classification challenges within psychiatry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diagnostic and classification issues surrounding factitious disorders.
  • To discuss the controversial debates on the differentiation from somatoform/dissociative disorders and malingering.
  • To address the methodological difficulties in epidemiological studies and the implications for prevalence rates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on factitious disorders.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and classification systems.
  • Discussion of epidemiological challenges and reported prevalence rates.

Main Results:

  • Factitious disorders present significant diagnostic and classification complexities.
  • The relationship between factitious disorders, somatoform/dissociative disorders, and malingering is debated.
  • Epidemiological studies face methodological hurdles, leading to probable underestimations of prevalence and incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Factitious disorders require further clarification in diagnostic and classification frameworks.
  • Illness deception and self-harm in factitious disorder may stem from early adverse or traumatic experiences in some patients.
  • Chronic and episodic illness courses are observed, highlighting the varied presentations of factitious disorders.