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QT prolongation by dexamphetamine: Does experience matter?

Anouk Schrantee1, Lena Václavů1, Liesbeth Reneman1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
|April 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dexamphetamine (dAMPH) can cause dangerous heart rhythm changes, particularly in new users. While habitual users showed less QTc prolongation, caution is still advised due to potential cardiac risks.

Keywords:
QT prolongationarrhythmiadexamphetaminepsychostimulantssudden death

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Amphetamine use, including prescription dexamphetamine (dAMPH) for ADHD and recreational use, is linked to life-threatening cardiac events.
  • Concerns exist regarding the cardiac safety of amphetamines due to reported arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of a single intravenous dexamphetamine dose on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters.
  • To compare ECG responses between habitual recreational dexamphetamine users and healthy non-users.

Main Methods:

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were obtained during intravenous dAMPH administration (0.3 mg/kg) in 18 users and 18 matched controls.
  • Baseline ECGs were assessed, and changes in heart rate and corrected QT interval (QTc) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Dexamphetamine increased heart rate and prolonged QTc in both users and non-users.
  • QTc prolongation was significantly attenuated in habitual users compared to non-users (P = 0.04).

Conclusions:

  • Amphetamine-associated SCA may be linked to QTc prolonging effects, especially in first-time users.
  • ECG analysis after initial amphetamine use could identify individuals at risk for cardiac events.